Vintage Frame

<body stylesrc="chistory.htm" bgcolor="#6699CC" text="#000000">  <div align="center"><center> <table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#FFFFC8"> <tr> <td align="center" width="8%"><a href="vintage.htm" target="cover"><img src="images/arrow_left.gif" alt="Vintage" border="0" WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="23"></a></td> <td align="center" width="84%"><strong><font color="#400080" size="5" face="Comic Sans MS">Articles on the History of<br> Electronic Calculators</font> </strong><br> <br> [<font size="2" face="Arial"><strong> <a href="frame_timeline.htm" target="vintage">TIMELINE</a> </strong></font>] [ <a href="calc_links.htm" target="vintage"><font size="2" face="Arial"><strong>NEWS</strong></font></a> ]</td> <td align="center" width="8%"><a href="frame_album.htm" target="vintage"><img src="images/arrow_right.gif" alt="Album" border="0" WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="23"></a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p align="center"> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="http://world.casio.com/corporate/company/creativity/main.html" target="vintage">Creativity and Contribution</a> </font><a href="http://www.casio.co.jp/English/company/creativity/" target="_top"><font color="#FF0000" face="Comic Sans MS"><img src="upup.gif" alt="Display in Full Screen" border="0" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="12"></font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Tadao Kashio</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">These are the reminiscences of Tadao Kashio (1917-1993), the founder of Casio Computer, Co. Ltd., expressed from his memories of childhood to the realization of his dream.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><font size="2">(Posted with permission of Casio Computers Co., Ltd - 02/12/98)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font face="Comic Sans MS"><a href="casio.htm" target="vintage">Old Casio Calculators</a></font><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Ray Mackay</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">History of Casio Calculators. (1969-Current)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="nixdorf.htm" target="vintage">Heinz Nixdorf</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mark Greenia</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Heinz Nixdorf develops the first electronic calculators (1953-1990)</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="nixdorf2.htm" target="vintage">Heinz Nixdorf and the Nixdorf Computer AG</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman" lang="DE"><font color="#000000"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">Margret Amedick </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman"> and Ulf Hashagen</span></font></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">A biographical note on Heinz Nixdorf and his company (1951-1992)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="anwang.htm" target="vintage">The Doctor and his Calculators</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang and his involvement with the electronic calculators (1949-1971)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="wang.htm" target="vintage">Wang Model 360SE Calculator System</a></font><font color="#FF0000" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS"> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Rick Bensene</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Labs develop the Wang 360 System (1966 -1968)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="kilby.htm" target="vintage">A Tale of Two Brains</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The invention of the Integrated Circuit by Jack S. Kilby and Robert Norton Noyce (1958-1959)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="kilby3.htm" target="vintage">Three Men and a Chip</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Irene Kim</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby, Jerry Merryman, and James Van Tassel invent the handheld calculator (1965-1970)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="Microcomputer_invention.htm" target="vintage">The History of the Microcomputer - Invention and Evolution</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Stanley Mazor</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The invention of the microcomputer as told by one if its co-inventors (1969-1978).</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%" id="table2"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="http://murl.microsoft.com/videos/stanford/ee380b/001004_ee380_OnDemand_100_100K_320x240.htm" target="vintage">Moore's "Promise" and Early Microcomputer Developments</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Stanley Mazor</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Streaming video of a lecture given in Feb 2000 by Stanley Mazor at Stanford University (45 min.)</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"> <a href="MCM_70_microcomputer.htm" target="vintage">The MCM/70 Microcomputer</a> </font> </td> <td width="30%"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#523856">Zbigniew Stachniak</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%" height="29"><font face="Arial" size="2">The history of the first personal microcomputer launched in 1973 - Canada.</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%" id="table3"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"> <a href="microprocessor_history.htm" target="vintage">Microprocessor History - Foundations in Glenrothes - Scotland</a> </font> </td> <td width="30%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Jim McGonigal</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font face="Arial" size="2">The beginnings of the microprocessor ideas at Elliot Automation.</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="accidental_revolution.htm" target="vintage">Intel's Accidental Revolution</a> </font><a href="new.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#FF0000" face="Comic Sans MS"> </font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Michael Kanellos</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">An interesting review on the facts that lead to the invention of the microprocesor. (C/Net Special Reports).</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"> <a href="http://www.xnumber.com/history_pages/history4.htm" target="vintage">The calculators and the microprocessor</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Ted Hoff of INTEL invents the microprocessor while improving NCM's design for Busicom calculators (1969-1971)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><a href="agreement0.htm" target="vintage"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#0000FF">Innovation: The World's first MPU 4004</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Busicom Corp.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Busicom's notes about the development of the Intel 4004 chip. (1969-1971)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="agreement.htm" target="vintage">Agreement between Intel and NCM</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Intel/NCM</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">A transcription of the original agreement posted with permission of Busicom Corp. (1970)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="hp_or_ph.htm" target="vintage">PH or HP?</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Gene Wright</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard flip a coin to determine the name of their new company. Guess who won? (1939-1970)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"> <a href="http://www.xnumber.com/history_pages/history5.htm" target="vintage">HP or the death of the Slide Rule</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett-Packard develops the HP-35, "<em>the one single product that forever changed the whole image of the computer industry</em>" (1968-1972)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="frame_WMJ.htm" target="vintage">HP Calculator History</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Arial">Wlodek Jedrzejowicz</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">A series of articles on early Hewlett-Packard models published in DATAFILE - The Journal of HPCC (1972-1977)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="birth.htm" target="vintage">The Birth of a New Age</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Guy Ball</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The early years of the electronic calculators (1969-1975)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"> <a href="http://www.xnumber.com/history_pages/history6.htm" target="vintage">The Calculator Wars</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The invention of the pocket calculator by Texas Instruments starts a race for the calculator market with few survivors (1965-1990)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="redcalcs.htm" target="vintage">"Red" Calculators</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Kenton Green</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR fights its cold war in the calculator arena (1973-1986)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="russian_calcs.htm" target="vintage">Soviet Calculators History</a></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sergei Frolov</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">History and features of Soviet Calculators (abacus to 1986)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="larry_commodore.htm" target="vintage">Commodore Calculators</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Larry Gilbert</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">History of Commodore Calculators (1971-1978)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font size="3" face="Comic Sans MS" color="#FF0000"><a href="sinclair_notes.htm" target="vintage">Uncle Sinclair</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Anoop Sahal</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Comments about Sir Clive Sinclair</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font color="#FF00FF"><a href="e_walther.htm" target="vintage"><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3">Recollections of the Walther Company's Venture into Electronics</font></a><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3"> </font></font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Ray MacKay</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Comments on the transition from mechanical calculators to electronic calculators as witnessed by the author.</font></td> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%" id="table1"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3"> <a href="Datamath_history.htm" target="vintage">The Story of the Datamath Calculator</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Joerg Woerner</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Arial">An article on the history of the development of TI's Datamath calculator.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%" id="table4"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.diycalculator.com/cool.shtml#Hist">The History of Calculators and Computers</a> </font></td> <td width="30%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Clive Maxfield</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Cool notes and pictures related to the history of calculating devices.</font><a href="new.htm" target="vintage"><font face="Book Antiqua" size="2"> </font> </a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3"> <a href="mister_rocket.htm" target="vintage">The Story of Mister Rocket</a>  </font> </td> <td width="30%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Serge Devidts</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font face="Arial" size="2">An article on the history of Mr. </font><font face="Verdana"><small>Sasaki Tadashi and the Sharp calculators.</small></font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="70%"><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3"> <a target="_blank" href="http://things-that-count.net">Things that count: The rise and fall of calculators </a> </font> <a href="new.htm" target="vintage"><img border="0" src="images/new1.gif" width="31" height="12"></a></td> <td width="30%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Jim Falk</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font face="Arial" size="2">A very nice history of calculators.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <h5 align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" face="Arial"><br> </font></h5> <div align="center"><center> <table border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="chistory.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>HISTORY</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="frame_album.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>ALBUM</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="museums.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>MUSEUMS</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="collectors.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>COLLECTORS</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="collec_resources.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>RESOURCES</strong></font></a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p align="center"><font color="#400080" face="Arial"><strong> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber">X-Number World</a></strong></font></p> <h5 align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" face="Arial">Revised: April 27, 2014.</font></h5> <p> </p>  </body>