Mechanical Calculators Frame

<body stylesrc="cmhistory.htm" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">  <h2 align="center"><a href="vintage.htm" target="cover"><img src="arrow_left.gif" alt="Vintage" border="0" WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="23"></a> <font color="#400080" size="4" face="Bookman Old Style">History of Mechanical Calculators</font><font size="4"> </font><a href="frame_malbum.htm"><img src="images/arrow_right.gif" alt="Album" border="0" WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="23"></a></h2> <p align="center"> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>A Brief History of Mechanical Calculators</strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">From the Abacus to the electro-mechanical calculators. <br> (Parts I, II and III)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="100%"><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="20%"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>Part I</strong></font></td> <td width="80%"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><strong> <a href="http://www.xnumber.com/history_pages/history1.htm">The Age of the Polymaths</a></strong></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>Part II</strong></font></td> <td width="80%"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><strong> <a href="http://www.xnumber.com/history_pages/history2.htm">Crossing the 19th Century</a></strong></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>Part III</strong></font></td> <td width="80%"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><strong> <a href="http://www.xnumber.com/history_pages/history3.htm">Getting Ready for the 20th Century</a></strong></font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> </table> </center></div></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p align="center"> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>The Pascaline</strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.yvesserra.fr">Yves Serra</a></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua"> <a target="_self" href="pascaline/pascal1.htm">Slide show.</a></font><br> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.yvesserra.fr/pascaline.php">Pascaline Website</a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p align="center"> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"> <p class="titredechapitre" style="margin-right:7.85pt"><font face="Book Antiqua" size="3"><span lang="FR"><b><a href="histoire_du_calcul.htm">UNE HISTOIRE DU CALCUL ARTIFICIEL <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">ET DE SES CONCEPTS</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span></b></span></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Book Antiqua" size="2">Jean Marguin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Essay on the history of calculating devices.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p align="center"> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font face="Book Antiqua" size="3"><b><a href="http://www.physique.usherb.ca/~afaribau/essai/essai.html">Évolution des machines à calculer</a> </b></font><a href="new.htm"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"><br> </font></a><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua">(<a href="http://www.physique.usherb.ca/~afaribau/essai/references.htm">References</a>)</font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Book Antiqua" size="2">Alexandre Faribault</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Essay on the evolution of calculating devices.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong><a href="madas.htm">Recollections on the MADAS Calculator</a> </strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Ray Mackay</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">A recollected history of MADAS calculators.</td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><strong><a href="walther.htm"><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua">The Walther Company</font><font color="#FF0000" size="4" face="Book Antiqua"> </font><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua">- Historic Recollections</a> </font></strong></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Ray Mackay</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">A recollected history of Walther adding/calculating machines.</td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><p align="left"><strong><a href="hancock7.htm"><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua">Burroughs Adding Machine Company - History - 1857-1953</font></a><font color="#FF0000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"> </font></strong></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Michael Hancock</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">Glimpses into the Past.</td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong><a href="marchant.htm">My Years with Marchant</a> </strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Ernie Jorgenson</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Notes on the history of Marchant as seen by a former employee.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><a href="curta1.htm"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>The Amazing Curta</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Bruce Flamm</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">An article on the development of the Curta calculator.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><a href="facit_history.htm"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>History of FACIT Calculators</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font SIZE="2" face="Arial">Christofer Nöring</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">An illustrated article on the history of FACIT calculators. </font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><a href="cmisc_facit_page.htm"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>The FACIT Page</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Serial Numbers, Pictures and Historical Information..</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong><a href="non-decimal.htm">Non-Decimal Calculators</a> </strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Arial"><small>Friederich Diestelkamp</small></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font size="2" face="Book Antiqua">Pictures and Historical Notes - German version available.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Book Antiqua"><strong>Japanese Mechanical Calculators </strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Arial"><small>Katsunori Kadokura</small></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><strong><font face="Book Antiqua" size="2" color="#FF0000"><a href="japanese_calculators.htm">The History of Japanese Mechanical Calculators</a></font><font color="#000000" face="Book Antiqua" size="2"><br> <a href="jmc_history.htm">Chronology of the History of Japanese Mechanical Calculators</a> <br> </font><small><font color="#000000" face="Book Antiqua"><a href="japanese_market.htm" target="_blank">Evolution of the Japanese Market</a></font></small><font size="2" color="#000000" face="Book Antiqua"><br> </font><font face="Book Antiqua" color="#FF0000"><small><a href="tiger_sales.htm" target="_blank">Sales of Tiger Calculators</a></small></font><font color="#000000" face="Book Antiqua"><font size="2"><br> </font><small><a href="tiger_serials.htm">Tiger Calculators Serial Numbers</a></small></font></strong></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><b><font face="Book Antiqua" color="#FF0000" size="3"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="calculo_mecanico.htm">Recuerdos del C</a></span><a href="calculo_mecanico.htm">álculo <span lang="ES-TRAD">Mec</span>á<span lang="ES-TRAD">nico</span></a></font></b></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Eusebio Huélamo</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">The history of Mechanical Calculators related by a collector from Spain. </td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><b><font face="Book Antiqua" color="#FF0000" size="3"><a href="http://www2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.html#Intro">Comptometer - Biography of a Machine</a></font></b></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Brooke W. Boering</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">The history of  Dorr E. Felt and the development of the Comptometer. <a href="new.htm"> <font color="#000000" size="2" face="Book Antiqua"> </font></a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><b><font face="Book Antiqua" color="#FF0000" size="3"><a href="FS_Baldwin.htm">Interview with Frank Stephen Baldwin</a> </font></b></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Monroe Systems</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">The development of the first practical mechanical calculator narrated by its inventor. </td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5" id="table2"> <tr> <td width="80%"><b><font face="Book Antiqua"><a href="notes_on_babbage.htm"> Difference of Opinion</a></font></b></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular" size="2">Felix Grant and Ray Girvan </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">Escaping from the footnotes of history.</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> </center></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5" id="table3"> <tr> <td width="80%"><b><font face="Book Antiqua"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.diycalculator.com/cool.shtml#Hist">The History of Calculators and Computers</a></font></b></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular" size="2">Clive Maxfield</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">Cool notes and pictures related to the history of calculating devices.</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5" id="table1"> <tr> <td width="80%"><b><font face="Book Antiqua"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/staff/saj/arithmometer/"> Making the Arithmometer Count</a></font></b></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular" size="2">Stephen Johnston</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">A very interesting article on the history of the Arithmometer published in <em>Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society</em> .</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5" id="table4"> <tr> <td width="80%"><strong><font color="#800080" face="Book Antiqua"> <a target="_self" href="wenhua_calc.htm">Wenhua Mechanical Calculators</a></font></strong></td> <td valign="top" width="20%"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular" size="2">Wj Wang</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">An article about Chinese Wenhua (Culture) mechanical calculators .</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#D5FFD5" id="table5"> <tr> <td width="80%"><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="3"> <a target="_blank" href="http://things-that-count.net">Things that count: The rise and fall of calculators </a> </font>  </td> <td valign="top" width="20%"> <font face="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular" size="2">Jim Falk</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%"><font face="Arial" size="2">A very nice history of calculators.</font></td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> </center></div> </center></div> <hr> <div align="center"><center> <table border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="80%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="cmhistory.htm"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>HISTORY</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="frame_malbum.htm"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>ALBUM</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="museums_mech.htm"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>MUSEUMS</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="collectors_mech.htm"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>COLLECTORS</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="collec_mech_resources.htm"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>RESOURCES</strong></font></a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <h5 align="center"><font color="#C0C0C0" face="Arial">Revised: April 27, 2014.</font></h5> <p> </p>  </body>