History of Calculators - Timeline

<body stylesrc="time.htm" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">  <h3 align="center"><font color="#800080" face="Comic Sans MS">History of Calculators - Timeline</font></h3> <p align="center"><a href="chistory.htm" name="top" target="vintage"><font color="#800080" face="Comic Sans MS"><img src="arrow_left.gif" alt="History" border="0" WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="23"></font></a></p> <hr> <div align="center"><center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="95%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1920" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1917</font></a></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Nov</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Tadao Kashio is born in Nangoku City, in Japan. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1920</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Feb 7</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">An Wang is born in Shanghai, China. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1923</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Nov 8</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Sinclair Kilby is born in Jefferson City, Missouri. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1927</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dec 12</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Robert Norton Noyce is born in Burlington, Iowa. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1937</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Oct 28</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Marcian Hoff is born in Rochester, New York. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1939</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">William Hewlett obtains his degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jan</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">William Hewlett and David Packard found Hewlett-Packard in the garage of a Palo Alto house with an investment of $538. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3) (4) (5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1943</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Apr</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Tadao Kashio founds Kashio Seisakujo - a metal shop. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1945" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1945</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">An Wang immigrates to the US. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1948</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang obtains his Ph.D. Degree in Applied Physics at Harvard University. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1949</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sep</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Tadao Kashio sees an electric calculator for the first time in a business show in Tokio, and with his brother Toshio decides to build a solenoid calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Oct 21</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">An Wang files his patent application for a "Pulse Transfer Controlling Device." </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1950" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1950</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett-Packard, with 200 employees, had grown to be one of the largest manufacturers of test and measurement electronic instruments. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby gets an EEMS from the University of Wisconsin. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Tadao Kasio's brothers, Kasuo and Yukio joins efforts with Tadao and Toshio, and complete the development of their first solenoid calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1951</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun 22</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang founds Wang Laboratories with $600 of his savings. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1953</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Robert Noyce obtains his Ph.D. in Physics at the MIT. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1955" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1955</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">May 17</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang is granted patent 2,708,722 for a "Pulse Transfer Controlling Device." </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun 30</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories is officially incorporated. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1956</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar </font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang assigns his patent to IBM. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Kashio brothers redesign the solenoid calculator to use relays. Prototype weighed 120 kg and was 1 meter wide. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1957</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. Robert Noyce founds with other friends Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun 1</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Kashio brothers found Casio Computer Co., Ltd. to manufacture relay calculators, and introduce its first model, the Casio 14-A, based in 342 relays. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1958</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby joins Texas Instruments. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1959</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby from Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce from Fairchild Semiconductor co-invent the Integrated Circuit. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2) (10)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Apr</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Casio introduces its second relay calculator, the Casio 14-B, with square root function. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1960" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1960</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Casio introduces a scientific relay calculator, the Casio 301. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1961</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Fairchild Semiconductor introduces the first commercial Integrated Circuits. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1962</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Casio introduces a programmable scientific relay calculator, the Casio AL-1. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Ted Hoff obtains his Ph.D. Degree in Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1963</font></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Sumlock Comptometer, in England, produces the first all-electronic calculator, the ANITA (A New Inspiration To Arithmetic). </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1964</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories designs the LOCI (Logarithmic Calculating Instrument), the first scientific electronic calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jul</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sharp Corp. of Japan introduces the first transistorized calculator, the SHARP CS-10A, which weighed 55 pounds. Price: $2500. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8) (13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby and Texas Instruments are granted patent Patent No. 3,138,743 for "Miniaturized Electronic Circuits." (Integrated Circuits). </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">VEGA - first Soviet electronic calculator </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1965" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1965</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories launches the WANG 300, their first electronic calculator. Price: $1,700. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Aug</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Casio introduces its first electronic calculator, the Model 001, and stops making relay calculators. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sep</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby from Texas Instruments decides to build a hand-held calculator based on the Integrated Circuits invented by him in 1959. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8) (10) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1966</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories launches the WANG 370. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1967</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories launches the WANG 380 one of the first calculators able to generate logarithms and exponentials. Price: $3,800. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Texas Instruments completes the prototype of the 1st hand-held calculator "Cal-Tech." It used a thermal printer to display the results. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sep 29</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby, Jerry Merryman, and James Van Tassel of Texas Instruments apply for a patent for a hand-held calculator based in the "Cal-Tech." </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8) (10)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">EDVM - first Soviet electronic scientific calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1968</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL is founded by Dr. Robert Norton Noyce and Gordon E. Moore. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. Ted Hoff starts working for INTEL as its 12th. employee. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett-Packard introduces the HP-9100, an electronic scientific desk-top calculator aimed to compete with the WANG 300 series. Price: $4,900. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(4)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Bill Hewlett instructs his engineers at Hewlett-Packard to start the design of a scientific pocket calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(4)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1969</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mostek is founded in 1969 in Carrollton Texas. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Oct</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Casio Computer Co., Ltd. becomes a public corporation in Japan. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Busicom proposes INTEL the manufacture of a set of IC's designed to build a series of electronic calculators. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Aug</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. Ted Hoff explains Masatoshi Shima of Busicom his microprocessor approach. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories launches the WANG 700 to counteract the competition imposed by the Hewlett Packard HP9100. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1970" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1970</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL completes the development of the INTEL 4004 4-bit microprocessor for Busicom calculators. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(7) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Apr</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Canon, Inc. and Texas Instruments introduce the "Pocketronic" in Japan based in the "Cal-Tech" calculator. $395. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8) (10) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Busicom introduces the desktop printing calculator, model 141-PF with the INTEL 4004 chip</font>. <font size="1" face="Arial">(12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1971</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Nov</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 4004 chip to the market with 2300 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3) </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Feb</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Canon introduces the "Pocketronic" in the USA. $345. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sep</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Bowmar, a manufacturer of LED displays, introduces the 901B, perhaps the first true pocket calculator, possibly the first with an LED display, and certainly the first manufactured in the U.S. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">$240. (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sep</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces its first calculator (manufactured by Bowmar), the C110. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang decides to move into a new direction: word processing and computers instead of calculators. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1972</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jan</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces the Minuteman 1. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Apr</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 8008 8-bit microprocessor with 3,500 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(7)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jul 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-35, the first scientific pocket calculator. $395. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(7) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">ARISTO, DENNER & PAPE, a slide rule manufacturer since 1872, enters the market of hand held calculators with the ARISTO M27, a four-function calculator based in TI chips. Price: 460 DM. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Texas Instruments introduces its first calculator the TI-2500 "Datamath." $120. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces the Minuteman 2. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Aug</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Casio introduces the "Casio Mini" pocket calculator. By 1973 more than 10 million units were sold. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(13)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1973</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Feb 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-80, a business model. $395. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Texas Instruments introduces the SR-50 Slide Rule Calculator - $170. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">May 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-45, a scientific model. $395.</font><font size="1" face="Arial"> (5)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Aug 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-70, a business model. $275. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Aug</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR State Committee establishes a team to develop a hand-held electronic calculator to be manufactured in the Soviet Union. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(9)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">Sep</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">National Semiconductor introduces the model 600 at $29.95. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">ARISTO, DENNER & PAPE, introduces the ARISTO M36, a four-function calculator with a memory and swap key. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces the Minuteman 3. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Dozens of companies enter the market in the 1972-1973 period</font><font size="1" face="Arial">. (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1974</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jan 19</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-65, the first scientific programmable calculator. $795. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6) (12)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">ARISTO, DENNER & PAPE, introduces the ARISTO M75, a scientific calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Apr</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL-8080 8-bit microprocessor with 6,000 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(7)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"><font size="2" face="Arial">May</font></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR team completes the Elektronika B3-04 prototype. Production starts on the same year. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(9)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun 25</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Texas Instruments is granted patent 3,819,921 for a "Miniature Electronic Calculator." </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The price wars began and Commodore introduces the low-priced 700/800 series, some sold in the $10 range. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Litronix (2200 series), Casio (FX-10), Sperry Remington (SSR-8), Bowmar (MX-100), and Canon (F-5), enter into the arena. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces their 1st scientific model the SR-1400. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1975" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1975</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jan 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-55, a reduced version of the HP-65. $395. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Feb 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-21, a small scientific unit. $125. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Aug 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-22, a small business unit. $165. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"><br> Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-25, a small programmable unit. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Keuffel & Esser manufactures its last slide-rule. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">ARISTO, DENNER & PAPE manufactures its last slide-rule. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hundreds of companies manufacture thousands of different models of LED pocket calculators all around the world. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Elektronika B3-18 - first Soviet pocket scientific calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dec 4</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The Smithsonian Museum accepts Texas Instruments donation of the "Cal-Tech" prototype, the first hand-held calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1976</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Bowmar, once considered the World's largest manufacturer of calculators, files for bankruptcy. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR launches the Elektronika B3-09 and B3-14.</font> <font size="1" face="Arial">(9)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-91, a "Scientific Portable Printing Calculator." $500. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard develops the HP-95C - Never sold in the market. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jul 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-25C, HP67, and HP97. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1977</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories introduces the VS Wang computer line. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jul 1</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-29C, HP10, and HP92. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces their ultimate specialized calculators: M55, N60, S61 (known as the "Series 60" line). </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR launches the Elektronika B3-19M, the first soviet true RPN calculator and the Elektronika B3-21, the first Soviet programmable calculator.</font> <font size="1" face="Arial">(9) (14).</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Commodore introduces the PET personal computer and at that point backs away from calculators</font>. <font size="1" face="Arial">(11)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1978</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">ARISTO, DENNER & PAPE withdraws from the calculator market. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 8086 16-bit microprocessor with 29,000 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(7)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1979</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 8088 16-bit microprocessor. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(7)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR launches the Elektronika B3-30, with Sharp's LCD technology.</font> <font size="1" face="Arial">(9)<br> </font><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR launches the Elektronika MK-40 - first (and last) Soviet printer calculator. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1980" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1980</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1982" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1982</font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Feb</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 80286 16-bit microprocessor with 134,000 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang retires from his active involvement in Wang Laboratories. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Elektronika MK-60 - first Soviet calculator with solar power. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1984</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1985" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1985</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Oct</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 80386 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The USSR launches the MK-52 with EEPROM and external programs  </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14).</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1986</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Wang Laboratories reaches sales in the order of 3 billion dollars with 30,000 employees. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">The MK-52  was the last Soviet-designed calculator. Soon the production of Soviet calculators was handled by Casio and Sharp in Japan.</font> <font size="1" face="Arial">(9)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1987</font></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">MK-85 - first Soviet calculator with BASIC. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(14)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1989</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Apr</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the INTEL 80486 32-bit microprocessor with 1,180,235 transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top"></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Jack Kilby, Jerry Merryman, and James Van Tassel of Texas Instruments are presented the ASME Holley Medal. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(10)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1990" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1990</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar 24</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. An Wang dies of cancer. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Jun 3</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. Robert Norton Noyce dies. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The war of the pocket calculators was over and a few companies survived, among them were Texas Instruments and Hewlett-Packard in the USA, and Sharp Electronics and Casio, Inc. in the Japan. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial">1993</font></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Mar</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the PENTIUM 32-bit microprocessor with 3.1 million transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008080"></td> <td></td> <td><font size="2" face="Arial">Tadao Kashio, founder of Casio Computer, Co. Ltd. dies.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="8%" bgcolor="#008080"><a name="1995" target="vintage"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2" face="Arial"><strong>1995</strong></font></a></td> <td valign="top" width="15%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Nov</font></td> <td width="75%"><font size="2" face="Arial">INTEL launches the PENTIUM PRO microprocessor with 5.5 million transistors. </font><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <hr> <p align="center"><font color="#400080" face="Comic Sans MS">Sources</font></p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="95%"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(1)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="anwang.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#FF0000" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">The Doctor and his calculators</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(2)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="kilby.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#FF00FF" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">A Tale of Two Brains</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(3)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="tedhoff.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#808000" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">The calculators and the microprocessor</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(4)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="hp_or_ph.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#400080" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">PH or HP?</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Gene Wright</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(5)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="hp.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#400080" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">HP or the death of the Slide Rule</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">James Redin</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(6)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="frame_WMJ.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#400080" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">HP Calculator History</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Arial">Wlodek Jedrzejowicz</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="5%"><font size="1" face="Arial">(7)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="birth.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#808000" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">The Birth of a New Age</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Guy Ball</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td><font size="1" face="Arial">(8)</font></td> <td width="65%"><a href="wars.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#408080" size="2" face="Comic Sans MS">The Calculator Wars</font></a></td> <td width="30%"><font size="2" 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align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="frame_album.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>ALBUM</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="museums.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>MUSEUMS</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="collectors.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>COLLECTORS</strong></font></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="20%" nowrap><a href="collec_resources.htm" target="vintage"><font color="#8000FF" size="1" face="Arial"><strong>RESOURCES</strong></font></a></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p align="center"><font color="#400080" face="Arial"><strong> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber">X-Number World</a></strong></font></p> <p align="center"><a href="#top" target="vintage"><img src="up.gif" alt="Top" border="0" WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="32"></a></p> <hr> <h5 align="center"><font color="#C0C0C0" face="Arial">Copyright � James Redin - Revised: May 05, 2007.</font></h5>  </body>